Crown Academy of English

English lessons and resources




  • Home
  • Online English lessons
  • IELTS online course
  • Articles & lessons
    • Grammar & vocabulary lessons
    • IELTS preparation
    • British culture
    • List of all articles & lessons
  • About
  • Contact
Home > Articles > English lessons > Adjectives ending in ING and ED

Adjectives ending in ING and ED

11th January 2019 by Andrew 2 Comments

Look at these 2 sentences:

Yesterday, I watched an interesting film about football. I am very interested in football.

“interesting” and “interested” are both adjectives.
Adjectives modify nouns (things or people). Adjectives therefore give us more information about nouns.
“interesting” and “interested“ look very similar but they have different meanings and uses.

Now look at these 3 sentences:


Jane didn’t like the film. She was bored. Jane thinks that football is boring.

bored girl

“boring” and “bored” are also both adjectives.
“boring” and “bored” look similar but they have different meanings.

This lesson is about ING and ED adjectives that are related to feelings.

Lesson plan:

  • The origin of both types of adjective and how they are formed
  • The meaning and use of ED adjectives
  • The meaning and use of ING adjectives
  • Examples of the most common ING and ED adjectives

The origin of ING and ED adjectives

In this lesson, we are only discussing adjectives related to feelings because they confuse students. They confuse students because they have both an ING form and an ED form.

ING and ED adjectives are formed from verbs.

verb: to interest
(Example: Football interests me.)

How ING adjectives are formed

The ING adjective is formed by adding ing to the base form of the verb:
interest > interesting

This ING form is called the present participle. We are using it as an adjective.

Example:
I watched an interesting film.

How ED adjectives are formed

The ED adjective is formed by adding ed to the end of the verb:
interest > interested

This ED form is called the past participle. We are using it as an adjective.

Example:
I am very interested in football.

ING adjectives of feeling: Meaning and use

Example:
I watched an interesting film about football.

Remember, the origin of the adjective “interesting” is the verb “interest“
An ING adjective describes the cause of the feeling.
An ING adjective describes the source of the feeling.

What is the source or cause of the interest? It is the film. (The film interests me)
We use the ING adjective to describe it (“interesting film”)

ING adjectives of feeling can describe people (or animals):
I like Mark because he is interesting.
The cat doesn’t like to play. It is very boring.

ING adjectives of feeling can also describe things:
The film was boring.
London is an exciting city.

ED adjectives of feeling: Meaning and use

Example:
I am very interested in football.

Remember, the origin of the adjective “interested” is the verb “interest“
An ED adjective describes the person (or animal) who has the feeling.
Who is feeling the interest? It is me! (football interests me)
The ED adjective describes my feeling (“I am very interested in football.”)

ED adjectives of feeling only describe people (or sometimes animals):
Mark is excited because he is going to London next week. correct
The dog was very excited when it saw Mark. correct

ED adjectives of feeling do not describe things because things do not have feelings or emotions:
The film was bored. wrong
London is an excited city. wrong

Summary of rules for ING and ED adjectives

To describe a thing

We use an ING adjective to describe the source of a feeling.
Examples: interesting film, exciting city, boring book

Do not use an ED adjective to describe a feeling for a thing.

To describe a person (or animal)

We use an ING adjective if the person or animal is the source of a feeling
interesting man
She is boring
The dog is frightening

We use an ED adjective if the person or animal is having the feeling.
He is interested in politics
She is bored
The dog is frightened.

Why students confuse ING and ED adjectives

Students make mistakes because both ING and ED adjectives can be used for people / animals.

Examples:
The cat is frightening. (grammatically correct)
The cat is frightened. (grammatically correct)

Both sentences are correct but the meaning is very different! Look at the photo below to see the difference in meaning:

frightening and frightened cats

Tip to choose ING or ED adjective

Is the noun a “thing” (not a person or animal)?  If yes, then choose an ING adjective

For a person or animal:
Is the person / animal the source or cause of the feeling? If yes, then choose an ING adjective.
Is the person / animal having the feeling? If yes, then choose an ED adjective.

Common ING and ED adjectives

Here is a list of common adjectives of feeling with an ING and ED form:

VerbING adjectiveED adjective
amuseamusingamused
annoyannoyingannoyed
boreboringbored
confuseconfusingconfused
disappointdisappointingdisappointed
depressdepressingdepressed
exciteexcitingexcited
frustratefrustratingfrustrated
frightenfrighteningfrightened
interestinterestinginterested
shockshockingshocked
surprisesurprisingsurprised
tiretiringtired
worryworryingworried

More English lessons

Private online English lessons with a native speaker
IELTS online course and writing corrections
IELTS tips & advice from a band 8.5 student
Comparative adjectives
Conditionals in English

Video lesson about ING and ED adjectives

Online English lessons and conversation

Comments

  1. Raychatu Sanfo says

    30th July 2019 at 5:06 pm

    Are the words interesting and interested related or different

    Reply
    • Pai says

      5th September 2021 at 2:27 pm

      She is worrying

      Above sentence can be Present Continuous or Adjective ending in ING.

      So which one is the above sentence?

      Reply

Leave a Reply Cancel reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

English grammar ebook

English grammar ebook

Online English lessons

English lessons with a native English teacher
IELTS online course

Recent articles & lessons

doctor

The difference between practice and practise

4th June 2019

peas on spoon

“a little” and “a few ” to describe quantity

30th May 2019

graduation

Difference between “finally”, “at last”, “lastly” and “in the end”

22nd May 2019

maths symbols

Maths symbols and operations – English vocabulary

8th May 2019

people meeting

BACK as a noun, verb, adjective and adverb

29th April 2019

Online English lessons

English lessons with a native English teacher

IELTS tips

IELTS complete guide

IELTS complete guide (WITH EXAMPLE QUESTIONS)

1st September 2017

Bar Chart

Advice for IELTS writing task 1

19th July 2017

Smiling girl

IELTS speaking advice

18th July 2017

IELTS student Tatjana

How to pass the IELTS with a band 8

9th May 2017

IELTS student Andreea

How to get a band 8 in the IELTS

9th May 2017

Ad





Affiliate disclosure

As an Amazon Associate, I earn from qualifying purchases.

Additionally, CrownAcademyEnglish.com participates in other affiliate programs, and we sometimes get a commission from purchases made through our links.

Follow us on social media

Crown Academy of English on YouTube Crown Academy of English on Twitter

Copyright © 2023 · Crown Academy of English · Privacy Policy